Content Analysis of Six Decades of Advertising Campaign Studies

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Alzahra University

Abstract

Objective: One of the needs of any field of study is to identify thematic trends in order to identify the theoretical gap in previous studies and clarify the path of future studies. Advertising campaigns, as a complex and structured form of advertising are also a field of study, which is no exception.  Methodology: This study analyzes the content of the articles conducted in the advertising campaign areas and their classification using co-word analysis (using VOSviewer software) and systematic mapping. The data for this study were retrieved from Scopus on December 2017. The term “Advertising campaigns” was used as search topic. This topic search means that the term “Advertising campaigns” is identified in the title of the publications. Quotation marks have been included in the search term. The time span was set from 1950 to December 2017 included.  Findig: The co-word analysis placed advertising campaign studies in three broad categories that they were named as: 1. Studies related to traditional advertising campaigns and mass media. 2. Social marketing advertising campaigns. 3. Online and digital advertising campaigns.  Result: The results of the detailed analysis showed that the studies conducted in this field were diverse and focused on commercial, tourism, social and cultural campaigns, In addition to the three main groups of studies (similar to the results of co-word analysis),ten subcategories were also identified.In addition, most studies focused on first and second category. Finally, studies in each category focused mainly on assessing the effectiveness

Keywords


  1. Aggarwal R., Chanda U. (2017). Optimal duration of advertising campaigns for successive technology generations using innovation diffusion theory. International Journal of Operational Research. 28:3. 415-428.
  2. Agha S., Beaudoin C. E. (2012). Assessing a thematic condom advertising campaign on condom use in urban Pakistan. Journal of Health Communication. 17:5. 601-623.
  3. Agha S., Meekers D. (2010). Impact of an Advertising Campaign on Condom Use in Urban Pakistan. Studies in Family Planning. 41:4. 277-290.
  4. Ahmadi, H. & Osareh, F.(2017).Co-word Analysis Concept, Definition and Application.National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization. 28(1).125-145.in Persian
  5. Amiri, R.(2015). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Advertising Campaigns(Case Study: Goldiran Co). (Unpublished M.A dissertation). Azad University Central Tehran Branch. Faculty of management. in Persian
  6. Apaolazaa V., Hartmann P., He J., Barrutia J. M., Echebarria C. (2014). Choosing celebrity endorsers for advertising campaigns in cosmopolitan China: Does their ethnicity matter?. South African Journal of Business Management. 45:3. 45-55.
  7. Appelbaum U., Halliburton C. (1993). How to Develop International Advertising Campaigns that Work: The Example of the European Food and Beverage Sector. International Journal of Advertising. 12:3. 223-241.
  8. Audrain-McGovern J., Tercyak K. P., Shields A. E., Bush A., Espinel C. F., Lerman C. (2003). Which Adolescents Are Most Receptive to Tobacco Industry Marketing? Implications for Counter-Advertising Campaigns. Health Communication. 15:4. 499-513.
  9. Basara L. R. (1996). The impact of a direct-to-consumer prescription medication advertising campaign on new prescription volume Drug. Information Journal. 30:3. 715-729.
  10. Belenky A. S. (2001). An approach to planning an advertising campaign of goods and services. Computers and Mathematics with Applications. 42:43258. 993-1008.
  11. Belenky A. S., Belenkii I. (2002). Optimization of planning an advertising campaign of goods and services. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 35:13. 1391-1403.
  12. Belleli T. (1994).Woolmark: a new advertising campaign in 1995. Industrie Textile. 1259:1. 35-36.
  13. Bertrand D. (1988). The creation of complicity a semiotic analysis of an advertising campaign for Black & White whisky. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 4:4. 273-289.
  14. Bertrand J. T., Goldman P., Zhivan N., Agyeman Y., Barber E. (2011). Evaluation of the "lose your excuse" public service advertising campaign for tweens to save energy. Evaluation Review. 35:5. 455-489.
  15. Binet L., Field P. (2009). Empirical generalizations about advertising campaign success. Journal of Advertising Research. 49:2.
  16. Bishop R. (2015). Daring to Be Weird: Exploring the Invocation of the “Company Freak” in Vonage’s New Advertising Campaign. Communication Review. 18:3. 212-230.
  17. Blourian Tehrani,M.(2013).Commercial advertising campaign (from idea to execution). Tehran: nashrbazargani. First Edition. in Persian
  18. Bock S. (2014). "What happens here, stays here" selling the untellable in a tourism advertising campaign. Western Folklore. 73:43134. 216-234.
  19. Bondjers G., Fager G., Wiklund O. (1990). Drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Confusing discrepancies in guidelines of an advertising campaign. Lakartidningen. 87:25. 2171-.
  20. Bostock Y., Leathar D. S. (1982). The role of mass media advertising campaigns in influencing attitudes towards contraception among 16-20 year olds. British Journal of Family Planning. 8:2. 59-63.
  21. Boyle T., Shepherd C. C. J., Pearson G., Monteiro H., McAullay D., Economo K., Stewart S. (2010). Awareness and impact of the 'Bubblewrap' advertising campaign among Aboriginal smokers in Western Australia. Tobacco Control. 19:1. 83-86.
  22. Braun-LaTour K. A., LaTour M. S. (2004). Assessing the long-term impact of a consistent advertising campaign on consumer memory. Journal of Advertising. 33:2. 49-61.
  23. Breton-Lopez J., Buela-Casal G. (2005). Assessment of effect of HIV/AIDS prevention advertising campaigns in adolescents. Psicothema. 17:4. 590-596.
  24. Breton-Lopez J., Buela-Casal G. (2006). Questionnaire to assess advertising campaigns impact about HIV/AIDS prevention. Psicothema. 18:3. 557-564.
  25. Britt S. H. (2000). Are so-called successful advertising campaigns really successful?. Journal of Advertising Research. 40:6. 25-31.
  26. Brody C. J. (1983). Advertising campaigns as arms races: A Test of a Mathematical Model. Sociological Perspectives. 26:3. 323-339.
  27. Burgoon M., Pfau M., Birk T. S. (1995). An Inoculation Theory Explanation for the Effects of Corporate Issue/Advocacy Advertising Campaigns. Communication Research. 22:4. 485-505.÷÷
  28. Burns J. (1992). New advertising campaign takes look at healthcare reform trade-offs. Modern healthcare. 22:34. 6-.
  29. Callow M., Gibran McDonald C. (2005). The 'spanglification' of advertising campaigns in Hispanic media? A comparison of approaches in Spanish-only and dual language magazines. Journal of Marketing Communications. 11:4. 283-295.
  30. Casado F., Hidalgo M. C., Garcia-Leiva P. (2017). Energy efficiency in households: The effectiveness of different types of messages in advertising campaigns. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 53. 198-205.
  31. Çetin E. (2006). Determining the optimal duration of an advertising campaign using diffusion of information. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 173:1. 430-442.
  32. Chan C. -F. (1991). The Anti-smoking Advertising Campaign in Hong Kong: Communication and Altitudinal Perspectives. International Journal of Advertising. 10:4. 349-357.
  33. Coe B. J. (1983). The effectiveness challenge in issue advertising campaigns. Journal of Advertising. 12:4. 27-35.
  34. Cooper C. P., Williams K. N., Carey K. A., Fowler C. S., Frank M., Gelb C. A. (2004). Advertising campaign on a major internet search engine to promote colorectal cancer screening. British Medical Journal. 328:7449. 1179-1180.
  35. Cope J. G., Moy S. S., Grossnickle W. F. (1988). The behavioral impact of an advertising campaign to promote safety belt use. Journal of applied behavior analysis. 21:3. 277-280.
  36. Cox I. (2004). Misleading advertising campaign on structural steelwork. Concrete (London). 38:11. 34-35.
  37. Crane R. (1986). Trade Union Advertising Campaigns: A Case Study. Journal of Industrial Relations. 28:2. 252-268.
  38. Danaher P. J., Rust R. T. (1996). Determining the optimal return on investment for an advertising campaign. European Journal of Operational Research. 95:3. 511-521.
  39. Dehghan Tezerjani,M.(2015).Advertising campaign from planning to implementation. Theran: Moballeghan. Second Edition. in Persian
  40. Dehghan Tezerjani,M.(2016). Advertising theories.Theran: Faculty of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. Second Edition. in Persian
  41. Deutsch J., Liebermann Y. (1985). Effects of a public advertising campaign on consumer behavior in a demarketing situation. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 2:4. 287-290.
  42. Dickson K. A., Stephens B. W. (2015). Using celebrities and advertising campaigns to enhance learning of critical review and experimental design, within an inquiry-oriented biomedical curriculum. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education. 23:6. 16-33.
  43. Diehl S., Terlutter R., Mueller B. (2016). Doing good matters to consumers: The effectiveness of humaneoriented CSR appeals in cross-cultural standardized advertising campaigns. International Journal of Advertising. 35:4. 730-757.
  44. Dumortier D. (1992). The image of Ireland in France through Bord Failte's advertising. Hommes et Terres du Nord. 2. 86-88.
  45. Ellis G. (2010). Mobilising consumers (case study of T-Mobile's “Life's for Sharing” advertising campaign). Strategic Direction. 26:8. 51-60.
  46. Engel J. F. (1992). The Great Commission Advertising Campaign Misuse of the Mass Media in World Evangelization Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. 9:4. 21-23.
  47. Epps T. W. (1973). An econometric analysis of the effectiveness of the U. S. Army's 1971 paid advertising campaign. Applied Economics. 5:4. 261-269.
  48. Fitts R. L., Hewett W. C. (1977). Utilizing the before after with control group experimental design to evaluate an outdoor advertising campaign. Journal of Advertising. 6:1. 26-39.
  49. Fleming P. J., Pashkevich M. A. (2007). Optimal advertising campaign generation for multiple brands using MOGA. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews. 37:6. 1190-1201.
  50. Franz J. L. (1982). Des Moines advertising campaign escalates hospitals' competition. Modern healthcare. 12:10. 88-.
  51. Freitas E. S. L. (2004). Similar concepts, different channels: Intersemiotic translation in three portuguese advertising campaigns. Translator. 10:2. 291-311.
  52. Fyfe A. E., McCarthy J. B. (1981). Developing a hospital advertising campaign. Hospital forum. 24:6. 19-22, 24, 26.
  53. Fyfe A. E., McCarthy J. B. (1982). Advertising campaign. Case study of a San Francisco hospital's trial run. Group Practice Journal. 31:5. 26-39.
  54. Gabrielsson P., Gabrielsson M., Gabrielsson H. (2008). International advertising campaigns in fast-moving consumer goods companies originating from a SMOPEC country. International Business Review. 17:6. 714-728.
  55. Gee S. (2009). Mediating sport, myth, and masculinity: The National Hockey League's "Inside the Warrior"advertising campaign. Sociology of Sport Journal. 26:4. 578-598.
  56. Gee S., Jackson S. J. (2012). Leisure corporations, beer brand culture, and the crisis of masculinity: The Speight's 'Southern Man' advertising campaign. Leisure Studies. 31:1. 83-102.
  57. Girgin S., Mary J., Preux P., Nicol O. (2012). Managing advertising campaigns - an approximate planning approach. Frontiers of Computer Science in China. 6:2. 209-229.
  58. Goldman L. K., Glantz S. A. (1998). Evaluation of antismoking advertising campaigns. Journal of the American Medical Association. 279:10. 772-777.
  59. Greiff M. (2008). Legally competitive legitimacy of advertising donations to doctors as part of a non-product related image advertising campaign. Medizinrecht 26:9. 563-568.
  60. Griese N. L. (1977). AT&T: 1908 origins of the nation’s oldest continuous institutional advertising campaign. Journal of Advertising. 6:3. 18-23.
  61. Headen R. S., Klompmaker J. E., Tee1 J. E. (1981). Analysis of short-term tv advertising campaigns. Current Issues and Research in Advertising. 4:1. 17-28.
  62. Jansen B. J., Liu Z., Simon Z. (2013). The effect of ad rank on the performance of keyword advertising campaigns. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64:10. 2115-2132.
  63. Jennings D. L. (2015). The “Doctors” Will See You Now: A Pharmacist’s Take on the “Truth in Advertising” Campaign. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49:1. 127-129.
  64. Jin H. S. (2003). Compounding consumer interest: Effects of advertising campaign publicity on the ability to recall subsequent advertisements. Journal of Advertising. 32:4. 29-41.
  65. Jin H. S., Zhao X., An S. (2006). Examining effects of advertising campaign publicity in a field study. Journal of Advertising Research. 46:2. 171-182.
  66. Josefson D. (2003). US advertising campaign begins for alternative to sildenafil. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 327:7413. 468-.
  67. Kariithi N. (2010). A critical discourse analysis of 2008 advertising campaigns against software piracy in South Africa. Communicatio. 36:3. 371-387.
  68. Kern M., Just M. (1995). The focus group method, political advertising, campaign news, and the construction of candidate images. Political Communication. 12:2. 127-145.
  69. Kerr G., Johnston K., Beatson A. (2008). A framework of Corporate Social Responsibility for advertising accountability: The case of Australian government advertising campaign. Journal of Marketing Communications. 14:2. 155-169.
  70. Khademi Grashi,M., Eshaghi,S.M.S.,Khosravi,M.E.(2013).Content and citation analysis of marketing research articles in Iran. Journal of Business Management Perspective.12(4).151-166. in Persian
  71. Kohansal, M.R.; . Firoozzare, A.(2013). Application of Multiple-Group Discriminate Analysis for Determining Effective Socio-Economic Factors on customers’ impression, using Different Marketing Advertising Practices: the Case of Mashhad. Agricultural Economics & Development, 27(2), 156-167. in Persian
  72. Kondoh A. (2008). Spatial characteristics of outdoor advertising campaigns in Northern Kyoto, Japan. Geographical Review of Japan. 81:4. 215-227.
  73. Korgaonkar P. K., Bellenger D. N., Smith A. E. (1986). Successful industrial advertising campaigns. Industrial Marketing Management. 15:2. 123-128.
  74. Kumar A., Pathak P. (2016). Synergizing advertising campaigns with appeals: A perspective through cases. Global Business Review. 17:4. 821-833.
  75. Lee J. K., Mowery A., Depue J., Luxenberg M., Schillo B. (2013). Effectiveness of statewide advertising campaigns in promoting the QUITPLAN services brand. Social Marketing Quarterly. 19:4. 207-221.
  76. Lee W. B., Fong G. T., Dewhirst T., Kennedy R. D., Yong H. -H., Borland R., Awang R., Omar M. (2015). Social Marketing in Malaysia: Cognitive, Affective, and Normative Mediators of the TAK NAK Antismoking Advertising Campaign. Journal of Health Communication. 20:10. 1166-1176.
  77. Levy A. S., Stokes R. C. (1987). Effects of a health promotion advertising campaign on sales of ready-to-eat cereals. Public Health Reports. 102:4. 398-403.
  78. Lovern E. (2002). Coalition for uninsured renews lobbying efforts. With billions of dollars at stake, group launches advertising campaign to draw attention to cause. Modern healthcare. 32:8. 10-11.
  79. Luati A., Tassinari G. (2005). Intervention analysis to identify significant exposures in pulsing advertising campaigns: An operative procedure Computational. Management Science. 2:4. 295-308.
  80. Luecking CT, Hennink-Kaminski H, Ihekweazu C, Vaughn A, Mazzucca S, Ward DS. (2017). Social marketing approaches to nutrition and physical activity interventions in early care and education centres: a systematic review. Obes Rev.18 (12) :1425-1438.
  81. Madera Q., Castillo O., Garcia-Valdez M., Mancilla A. (2017). A method based on Interactive Evolutionary Computation and fuzzy logic for increasing the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Information Sciences. 414. 175-186.
  82. Malefyt T. D. W., McCabe M. (2016). Women's bodies, menstruation and marketing “protection:” interpreting a paradox of gendered discourses in consumer practices and advertising campaigns. Consumption Markets and Culture. 19:6. 555-575.
  83. Martinez Saez J., Amiguet Esteban J. M., Visiedo Claverol R. (2014). Presence of social networks in the most awarded transmedia advertising campaigns. Redes sociales en campañas publicitarias. 19. 301-313.
  84. Martin-Llaguno M., Álvarez-Dardet C. (2010). Withdrawal of an advertising campaign to promote the quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine in Spain. 24:1. 75-77.
  85. McAfee R. P., Papineni K., Vassilvitskii S. (2013). Maximally representative allocations for guaranteed delivery advertising campaigns. Review of Economic Design. 17:2. 83-94.
  86. McCabe M., De Waal Malefyt T. (2010). Brands, interactivity, and contested fields: Exploring production and consumption in cadillac and infiniti automobile advertising campaigns. Human Organization. 69:3. 252-262.
  87. McGeachin R. B., Ramirez D. (2006). Collaborating with Students to Develop an Advertising Campaign. College and Undergraduate Libraries. 12:43102. 139-152.
  88. McKenna W. H. (1984). A national advertising campaign? It's your decision. Journal of the Massachusetts Dental Society. 33:1. 6-7.
  89. Melnikov A. S., Melnikova E. V. (2014). Using an online tool for improving the efficiency of advertising campaigns and gaining competitive advantage. Actual Problems of Economics. 154:4. 475-480.
  90. Menon M. K., Goodnight J. M., Wayne R. J. (2006). Assessing advertising content in a hospital advertising campaign: An Application of Puto and Wells (1984) Measure of Informational and Transformational Advertising Content. Journal of Hospital Marketing & Public Relations.17 (1) ,pp.27-44
  91. Mevius L. (2016). How to make a disease sexy? The power of advertising campaigns.Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 160:51-52. -.
  92. Midtvedt T., Naess K. (1970). Gentamycin--comments on advertising campaign. Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening. 90:24. 2278-.
  93. Miller P. L., Gombeski W. R., Wilker M., Camden C. (1994). Influencing physician referrals through an advertising campaign aimed at consumers. The NAHAM management journal. 20:4. 5-7, 20.
  94. Min K. S., Martin D., Jung J. M. (2013). Designing advertising campaigns for destinations with mixed images: Using visitor campaign goal messages to motivate visitors. Journal of Business Research. 66:6. 759-764.
  95. Minihane Jr. M. J., Allgood J. P. (1994). A retrospective study of a direct mail dental advertising campaign. Northwestern dental research. 4:2. 4-8.
  96. Miralles-Pechuan, L., Ponce, H., & Martinez-Villaseñor , L. (2017). A Novel Methodology for Optimizing Display Advertising Campaigns Using Genetic Algorithms. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 1-33.
  97. Moench E. A. (1986). The Boots Advertising Campaign. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management. 1:2. 51-55.
  98. Morris L. A., Gregory J. D., Klimberg R. (1987). Focusing an Advertising Campaign to Combat Medical Quackery.Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management. 2:1. 83-96.
  99. Mukherjee P., Jansen B. J. (2014). Performance analysis of keyword advertising campaign using gender-brand effect of search queries. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 13:2. 139-149.
  100. Munro A., Allan J., Shakeshaft A., Snijder M. (2017). Riding the rural radio wave: The impact of a community-led drug and alcohol radio advertising campaign in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Australian Journal of Rural Health. 25:5. 290-297.
  101. Nabout N. A. (2015). A novel approach for bidding on keywords in newly set-up search advertising campaigns. European Journal of Marketing. 49:43226. 668-691.
  102. Nau Paul A., Van Houten Ron (1982). The Effects of Prompts, Feedback and an Advertising Campaign on The use of Safety Belts by Automobile Drivers in Nova Scotia. Journal of Environmental Systems. 11:4. 351-361.
  103. Nel P. (2005). Is there a text in this advertising campaign?: Literature, marketing, and Harry Potter. Lion and the Unicorn. 29:2. 236-267.
  104. Newton V. L. (2010). Folklore and advertising: An examination of traditional themes and motifs in British twenty-first-century television advertising campaigns. Folk Life. 48:1. 48-62.
  105. Ngeo C. (1998). Staying home. Interim HealthCare fights industry tides with aggressive advertising campaign. Modern healthcare. 28:35. 73-74 C.
  106. Nouraei,M., Hesami,H.(2012) The relationship of advertising with the amount of foreign TV sales in Iran (Case study: LED product from SONY and SAMSUNG companies). Quantitative studies in management.3(2).1-24 in Persian
  107. O'Boyle N. (2009). Analysing an advertising campaign: Towards an integrated cultural-industrial analysis. Sociological Research Online. 14:4.
  108. O'Hara B. J., Bauman A. E., King E. L., Phongsavan P. (2011). Process evaluation of the advertising campaign for the NSW get healthy information and coaching service. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 22:1. 68-71.
  109. Oikarinen E. -L., Sinisalo J. (2017). Personality or skill: A qualitative study of humorous recruitment advertising campaign on social media. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising. 11:1. 22-43.
  110. Pastor E. M., Ojeda M. A. N. (2013). Brand image "andalucia"; as tourist destination through the advertising campaigns "andalucia smail you are"; and " Andalucia te quiere"; Cuadernos de Turismo. :32. 207-228.
  111. Pechmann C., Reibling E. T. (2000). Anti-smoking advertising campaigns targeting youth: Case studies from USA and Canada. Tobacco Control. 9:SUPPL. 2. II18-II31.
  112. Peracchio L. A., Luna D. (1998). The development of an advertising campaign to discourage smoking initiation among children and youth. Journal of Advertising. 27:3. 49-56.
  113. Perez-Gladish B., Gonzalez I., Bilbao-Terol A., Arenas-Parra M. (2010). Planning a TV advertising campaign: A crisp multiobjective programming model from fuzzy basic data. Omega. 38:43102. 84-94.
  114. Perri M., Dickson W. M. (1988). Consumer reaction to a direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising campaign. Journal of health care marketing. 8:2. 66-69.
  115. Perri M., Wolfgang A. P. (1992). Consumers' Cognitive and Behavioral Responses to a Health Care Advertising Campaign. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management. 6:3. 75-88.
  116. Pomering A. (2013). Indigenous identity in the nation brand: Tension and inconsistency in a nation's tourism advertising campaigns. Corporate Reputation Review. 16:1. 66-79.
  117. Puto and Wells (1984) measure of informational and transformational advertising content. Journal of Hospital Marketing and Public Relations. 17:1. 27-44.
  118. Raedts M., Roozen I., Peeters I., Dupre N., Ceuppens J. (2016). The effects of presumed versus actual understanding of difficult and easy english slogans in a standardized european advertising campaign.Tijdschrift voor Communicatiewetenschap. 44:1. 84-105.
  119. Ragaller S. (2006). Advertising campaign from the underground Textil Wirtschaft. :23. 44-45.
  120. Rasouli, M.R.(2011). A Pathological Study of Advertising in Iran. Culture Communication. 1(2). 1-22. in Persian
  121. Reynolds M. (2004). How does Monsanto do it? An ethnographic case study of an advertising campaign. Text. 24:3. 329-352.
  122. Romanenkov A. I., Kutin I. V., Lebedev K. A., Grzhebina L. M., Shimanskiy O. V. (2017). Improvement of the methodical approaches to evaluation of the tourism advertising campaign effectiveness. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism. 8:2. 446-450.
  123. Romero-Calmache M., Fanjul-Peyro C. (2010). Advertising in the digital age: The microsite as a strategic factor in on-line advertising campaigns. Comunicar. 17:34. 125-134.
  124. Rose J. (1999). There must be more to health promotion than slick advertising campaigns. Nursing times. 95:46. 21-.
  125. Ross M., York L. (2014). Imperial commerce and the Canadian muse: The Hudson's bay company's poetic advertising campaign of 1966-1972. Canadian Literature. 2014:220. 37-53.
  126. Sadeghi pour, M.(2014). Study the effectiveness of the advertising campaign in advertising and providing food.( Unpublished M.A dissertation). Azad University Central Tehran Branch. Faculty of Art and Architecture. in Persian
  127. Samsam shariat,S.M.R., Atashpour. S.H., Kamkar.M.(2007). The Comparison of Common and Expert People’s Opinions About the Related Factors on the Effectiveness of Commercial Advertisement . Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology.0(32). 90-120. in Persian
  128. Samuels D. J. (2002). Pork barreling is not credit claiming or advertising: Campaign finance and the sources of the personal vote in Brazil. Journal of Politics. 64:3. 845-863.
  129. Sarria-Santamera A., Cortes-Blanco M., Elder J. (2001). Analysis of the 1999-2000. Fortuna brand cigarette advertising campaign. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica. 75:2. 107-113.
  130. Sasser S. L., Koslow S., Riordan E. A. (2007). Creative and interactive media use by agencies: Engaging an IMC media palette for implementing advertising campaigns. Journal of Advertising Research. 47:3. 237-256.
  131. Scharf E. R., Fernandes J., Perfeito J., Dapper M. K. (2017). Conscious consumption practices in advertising campaign from the competitive organizations. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental. 11:2.
  132. Scheier L. M., Grenard J. L., Holtz K. D. (2011). An empirical assessment of the above the Influence advertising campaign. Journal of Drug Education. 41:4. 431-461.
  133. SCOTT M. (1950). AMA readies advertising campaign. Medical economics. 27:8. 49-51.
  134. Shao A. T. (1993). Standardized advertising campaigns: Impediments encountered by European agencies. Journal of Promotion Management. 1:4. 37-52.
  135. Shao A. T., Shao L. P., Shao D. H. (1992). Are global markets with standardized advertising campaigns feasible? Journal of International Consumer Marketing. 4:3. 5-16.
  136. Shields R. E. (2001). The force of callas’ kiss: The 1997 apple advertising campaign, “think different. Text and Performance Quarterly. 21:3. 202-219.
  137. Siegel W., Ziff-Levine W. (1990). Evaluating Tourism Advertising Campaigns: Conversion vs. Advertising Tracking Studies. Journal of Travel Research. 28:3. 51-55.
  138. Skeldon S. C., Kozhimannil K. B., Majumdar S. R., Law M. R. (2015). The Effect of Competing Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Campaigns on the Use of Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Time Series Analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 30:4. 514-520.
  139. Snow R. (2016). Photography's Second Front: Kodak's Serving Human Progress Through Photography Institutional Advertising Campaign. Journal of War and Culture Studies. 9:2. 151-181.
  140. Spais G. S. (2014). How Does "3-D Negotiation" Move Beyond in a Dimension of a Win-Win-Win Approach for Integrated Bargaining Solution Analysis of Vertical Cooperative Advertising Campaigns? Journal of Promotion Management. 20:1. 36-58.
  141. Standing C., Jackson P., Leppaniemi M., Karjaluoto H. (2008). Exploring the effects of gender, age, income and employment status on consumer response to mobile advertising campaigns. Journal of Systems and Information Technology. 10:3. 251-265.
  142. Sulkin T., Swigger N. (2008). Is there truth in advertising? Campaign ad images as signals about legislative behavior. Journal of Politics. 70:1. 232-244.
  143. Surkan P. J., Dejong W., Herr-Zaya K. M., Rodriguez-Howard M., Fay K. (2003). A paid radio advertising campaign to promote parent-child communication about alcohol. Journal of Health Communication. 8:5. 489-495.
  144. Tan S. (2010).Modelling engagement in a web-based advertising campaign. Visual Communication. 9:1. 91-115.
  145. Tay R. (1999). Effectiveness of the anti-drink driving advertising campaign in New Zealand. Road and Transport Research. 8:4. 3-15.
  146. Tay R. (2001). Methodological issues in evaluation models: The New Zealand road safety advertising campaign revisited. Road and Transport Research. 10:2. 29-39.
  147. Tay R. (2002). Exploring the effects of a road safety advertising campaign on the perceptions and intentions of the target and nontarget audiences to drink and drive. Traffic Injury Prevention. 3:3. 195-200.
  148. Tayal U. (2003). Children's book at centre of row over drug advertising campaign. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 327:7412. 412-.
  149. Taylor C. R., Johnson C. M. (2002). Standardized vs. specialized international advertising campaigns: What we have learned from a academic research in the 1990s. Advances in International Marketing. 12. 45-66.
  150. Thomaidou S., Liakopoulos K., Vazirgiannis M. (2014). Toward an integrated framework for automated development and optimization of online advertising campaigns. Intelligent Data Analysis. 18:6. 1199-1227.
  151. Thomas S. L., Olds T., Pettigrew S., Yeatman H., Hyde J., Dragovic C. (2014). Parent and child interactions with two contrasting anti-obesity advertising campaigns: A qualitative analysis. BMC Public Health. 14:1.
  152. Trappey III R. J., Woodside A. G. (2005). Consumer responses to interactive advertising campaigns coupling short-message-service direct marketing and TV commercials. Journal of Advertising Research. 45:4. 382-401.
  153. Truong, V. (2014). Social Marketing: A Systematic Review of Research 1998–2012. Social Marketing Quarterly, 20(1), 15-34.
  154. Tucker L. R. (1998). The framing of Calvin Klein: A frame analysis of media discourse about the august 1995 Calvin Klein jeans advertising campaign. Critical Studies in Media Communication. 15:2. 141-157.
  155. TULLIER PM (1970). Suggestion for an application of the theory of Markov chains to planning an advertising campaign.. 385-391.
  156. Utoyo A. W. (2017). How do people’s perceptions of enjoy jakarta advertising campaign using a social semiotics opinion? Advanced Science Letters. 23:1. 92-95.
  157. Vallone D., Smith A., Kenney T., Greenberg M., Hair E., Cantrell J., Rath J., Koval R. (2016). Agents of social change: A model for targeting and engaging generation Z across platforms: How a nonprofit rebuilt an advertising campaign to curb smoking by teens and young adults. Journal of Advertising Research. 56:4. 414-425.
  158. van den Putte B. (2009). What matters most in advertising campaigns? The relative effect of media expenditure and message content strategy.International Journal of Advertising. 28:4.669 -690.
  159. Villacañas B., White M. (2013). Pictorial metonymy as creativity source in “purificacion garcia” advertising campaigns.Metaphor and the Social World. 3:2. 220-239.
  160. Volvy,M.(2012). Evaluate the effectiveness of Advertising campaigns at MCI Co.( Unpublished M.A dissertation). K. N. Toosi University of Technology. Faculty of Industrial Engineering
  161. Voorveld H. A. M., van Noort G. (2014). Social Media in Advertising Campaigns: Examining the Effects on Perceived Persuasive Intent, Campaign and Brand Responses. Journal of Creative Communications. 9:3. 253-268.
  162. Waller D. S. (2000). “Get stuffed”: Attitudes towards pizza hut's outdoor advertising campaign. Journal of Food Products Marketing. 5:4. 45-54.
  163. Weaver M., Poehlitz M., Hutchison S. (1999). 5 A Day for low-income families: Evaluation of an advertising campaign and cooking events. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 31:3. 161-169.
  164. Weaver-Lariscy R. A., Tinkham S. F. (1987). The influence of media expenditure and allocation strategies in congressional advertising campaigns. Journal of Advertising. 16:3. 13-21.
  165. William M. Pride, O. C. Ferrell. (2008). Foundations of Marketing. South-Western College Pub; 3 edition.595
  166. Williams A., Ylänne V., Wadleigh P. M. (2007). Selling the 'Elixir of Life': Images of the elderly in an Olivio advertising campaign. Journal of Aging Studies. 21:1. 1-21.
  167. Wilson N., Grigg M., Graham L., Cameron G. (2005). The effectiveness of television advertising campaigns on generating calls to a national Quitline by Māori. Tobacco Control. 14:4. 284-286.
  168. Wolburg J. M. (2001). Misplaced marketing: Why television is the “wrong” environment for public service advertising campaigns. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 18:6. 471-473.
  169. Yoon H. J., La Ferle C., Edwards S. M. (2017). Norm Effects on Gender in Social Marketing Advertising Campaigns Promoting Savings Behavior. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising. 38:1. 1-16.
  170. Zhao G., Pechmann C. (2007). The impact of regulatory focus on adolescents' response to antismoking advertising campaigns. Journal of Marketing Research. 44:4. 671-687.