خط مقدم رقابت شرکت ها نیروی فروش آن ها تلقی شده و عملکرد نیروی فروش شاخص حیاتی و نبض کلیدی عملکرد شرکت در بازار رقابتی است. شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر این عملکرد موجب برنامه ریزی بهتر و تقویت عوامل مذکور و تسهیل آن ها می گردد. در این مطالعه محققان تلاش می کنند تا با رویکرد چند سطحی، عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد نیروی فروش را در دو بعد ادراکات شغلی (سطح نیروی فروش) و سازمان فروش شناسایی نمایند. به دلیل ماهیت بافت فروش و قرار داشتن نیروهای فروش در درون واحد فروش، نیاز به رویکرد چندسطحی در بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فروش ضروری است. بنابراین محققان تلاش می کنند تا با طرح زمینه مقدماتی از روش شناسی رویکرد چند سطحی، الگوی پیشنهادی دو سطحی عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد نیروی فروش را طراحی نموده و معادله های مربوطه را ارائه نمایند
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co.
Bartkus, K.R., Peterso,، M. F., & Bellenger, D. N. (1989). Type a Behavior، Experience، and Salesperson Performance. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 9, 11-18.
Behrma, D. N., & William D. P. (1984). A Role Stress Model of the Performance and Satisfaction of Industrial Salespersons. Journal of Marketing, 48, 9-21.
Bole, J. S., Babin, B.J, Brashear, T. G. & Brooks, C. M. (2001). An Examination of the Relationships between Retail Work Environments، Salesperson Selling Orientation-Customer Orientation and Job Performance. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9, 113.
Brow, S. P., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W.، Jr. (1998). Effects of Trait Competitiveness and Perceived Intraorganizational Competition on Salesperson Goal Setting and Performance. Journal of Marketing، 62, 88–98.
Churchill, G., Ford, N. & Walker, O. (1997). Sales Force Management. Chicago: Richard D. Irwin.
Cross، M. E., Brashear، T. G., Rigdon، E. E., & Bellenger, D. N. (2007). Customer Orientation and Salesperson Performance. European Journal of Marketing, 41(7/8), 821-835.
Fisher, C. D. & Gitelson, R. (1983). A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of Role Conflict and Ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(2), 320-333.
Fletcher, T. D., Major, D. M., & Davis, D. D. (2007). The Interactive Relationship of Competitive Climate and Trait Competitiveness with Workplace Attitudes، Stress and Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(7).
Grant, W. C., David, S. L., George, & William, C. M. (2001). The Role of Satisfaction with Territory Design on the Motivation, Attitudes, and Work Outcomes of Salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29,165-178.
Gully, S., Incalcaterra, K., Joshi, A., & Beaubien, J. (2002). A Meta-Analysis of Team-Efficacy, Potency, and Performance: Interdependence ane Level of Analysis as Moderators of Observed Relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 819-832.
Hall, R. H. (1987). Organizations: Structure, Processes, and Outcomes (4th edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Holmes, T. L., & Srivastava, R. (2002). Effects of Job Perceptions on Job Behaviors: Implications for Sales Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 421-428.
Hox, J. J. (1995). Applied Multilevel Analysis. Amsterdam: TT-Publication.
James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within-Group Interrater Reliability with and without Response Bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 85-98.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of Job and Work Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-9.
Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J., (Eds.). (2000). Multilevel Theory، Research، and Methods in Organizations: Foundations، Extensions، and New Directions. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Frontiers Series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Klimoski, R., & Mohammed, S. (1994). Team Mental Model: Construct or Metaphor?. Journal of Management, 20, 403-437.
Kohli, A. K., & Bernard, J. (1990). Market Orientation: The Construct، Research Propositions، and Managerial Implications. Journal of Marketing, 54, 1-18.
Liao, H. (2002). A Cross Level Analysis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Work Groups. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota.
Lysonski, S. (1985). A Boundary Theory Investigation of the Product Manager’s Role. Journal of Marketing, 49 (1), 26-40.
Miao, C. F., & Evans, K. R. (2007). The Impact of Salesperson Motivation on Role Perceptions and Job Performance-A Cognitive and Affective Perspective. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, XXVII (1), 89-101.
Michaels, R. E., Day, R. L, & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1978). Role Stress among Industrial Buyers: An Integrative Model. Journal of Marketing, 51, 28-45.
Narver, J. C. & Slater, F. S. (1990). The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability. Journal of Marketing, 54, 20-35.
Paullay, I., Alliger, G., & Stone-Romero, E. (1994). Construct Validation of two Instruments Designed to Measure job Involvement and Work Centrality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 224-8.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. E. (1970). Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-63.
Rotenberry, P. F., & Moberg, P. J. (2007). Assessing the Impact of Job Involvement on Performance. Management Research News, 30, 203-215.
Singh, J. (1998). Striking a Balance in Boundary-Spanning Positions: An Investigation of Some Unconventional Influences of Role Stressors and Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Salespeople. Journal of Marketing, 62, 69- 86.
Sohi, R. S. (1996). The Effects of Environmental Dynamism and Heterogeneity on Salespeople’s Role Perceptions. European Journal of Marketing Performance، and Job Satisfaction, 30(7), 49-67